Economic strategy for reducing costs with materials can also bring benefits for environment: proposal based on the study in a brazilian industry

The aim of this work is to evidence the benefits for environment resulting from an economic strategy performed by a Brazilian industry. In order to reduce costs with purchasing of pallets, Chapatex and wooden frames, which are used to pack and transport its products, the studied industry elaborated a strategy in partnership with its customers that resulted in exploitation by devolution of the biggest part of those materials that went to customers but did not come back. The costs reduction with the acquisition of those materials was highly beneficial. However, even more important was the result from the environmental viewpoint, because the re-exploitation of those materials reduces in the environmental impact, as for not need to acquire new materials, that is, take them from nature, considering they are wood, as to avoid inappropriate disposal of materials stopped and no-using for customers. This study, therefore, proposes for the decision makers considers the environmental and sustainable vision even in areas of the organization where the focus on profits predominates

Association Between Ventilation Index And Time On Mechanical Ventilation In Infants With Acute Viral Bronchiolitis

Objective: To evaluate the association between time on mechanical ventilation and anthropometric, clinical and pulmonary function variables, measured early, in infants on invasive mechanical ventilation with acute respiratory failure due to viral bronchiolitis, and the temporal progression of variables with significant correlations. Methods: Twenty-nine infants admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit of UNICAMP university hospital were studied. Acute viral bronchiolitis was defined according to clinical and radiological criteria. Children with chronic diseases and those that were hemodynamically unstable were excluded. All measurements were taken after 24 to 72 hours' mechanical ventilation, using volumetric capnography and blood gas analysis. Mechanical ventilation time was divided into: ≤ 7 days and > 7 days. Association between time on mechanical ventilation and the variables analyzed was determined by Spearman's Correlation Coefficient (r s). Results: Time on mechanical ventilation showed a significant positive correlation with PaCO 2 (r s = 0.45, p = 0.01) and ventilation index (r s = 0.51, p = 0.005), and a negative correlation with pH (r s = -0.40, p = 0.03). Ventilation indices of 37, measured between day one and day five, was associated with a progressively increased risk of more than 7 days on mechanical ventilation (OR = 4.2 on the first day to 15.71 on the fourth day). Conclusions: Ventilation index, PaCO 2 and pH, measured early, were associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, reflecting the severity of ventilatory disturbance and the need for support. Copyright © 2005 by Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.816466470Shay, D.K., Holman, R.C., Newman, R.D., Liu, L.L., Stout, J.W., Anderson, L.J., Bronchiolitis-associated hospitalizations among US children, 1980-1996 (1999) JAMA, 282, pp. 1440-1446Torres, A., Gatell, J.M., Aznar, E., El-Ebiary, M., Puig De La Bellacasa, J., Gonzalez, J., Re-intubation increases the risk for nosocomial pneumonia in patients needing mechanical ventilation (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 152, pp. 137-141Esteban, A., Alia, I., Gordo, F., Fernandez, R., Solsona, J.F., Vallverdu, I., Extubation outcome after spontaneous breathing trials with T-tube or pressure support ventilation (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 156, pp. 459-465. , The Spanish Lung Failure Collaborative GroupBont, L., Kavelaars, A., Heijnen, C.J., Van Vught, A.J., Kimpen, J.L., Monocyte interleukin-12 production is inversely related to duration of respiratory failure in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis (2000) J Infect Dis, 181, pp. 1772-1775Tasker, R.C., Gordon, I., Kiff, K., Time course of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in mechanically ventilated infants (2000) Acta Paediatr, 89, pp. 938-941Arnold, J.H., Thompson, J.E., Arnold, L.W., Single breath CO 2 analysis: Description and validation of a method (1996) Crit Care Med, 24, pp. 96-102Riou, Y., Leclerc, F., Neve, V., Dupuy, L., Noizet, O., Leteurtre, S., Reproducibility of the respiratory dead space measurements in mechanically ventilated children using the CO 2SMO monitor (2004) Intensive Care Med, 30, pp. 1461-1467Hubble, C.L., Gentile, M.A., Tripp, D.S., Craig, D.M., Meliones, J.N., Cheifetz, I.M., Deadspace to tidal volume ratio predicts successful extubation in infants and children (2000) Crit Care Med, 28, pp. 2034-2040Main, E., Stocks, J., The influence of physiotherapy and suction on respiratory deadspace in ventilated children (2004) Intensive Care Med, 30, pp. 1152-1159Law, B.J., Carbonell-Estrany, X., Simoes, E.A., An update on respiratory syncytial virus epidemiology: A developed country perspective (2002) Respir Med, 96 (SUPPL. B), pp. S1-7Davison, C., Ventre, K.M., Luchetti, M., Randolph, A.G., Efficacy of interventions for bronchiolitis in critically ill infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2004) Pediatr Crit Care Med, 5, pp. 482-489Frankel, L.R., Lewiston, N.J., Smith, D.W., Stevenson, D.K., Clinical observations on mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure in bronchiolitis (1986) Pediatr Pulmonol, 2, pp. 307-311Wang, E.E., Law, B.J., Boucher, F.D., Stephens, D., Robinson, J.L., Dobson, S., Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC) study of admission and management variation in patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial viral lower respiratory tract infection (1996) J Pediatr, 129, pp. 390-395Paret, G., Ziv, T., Barzilai, A., Bem-Abraham, R., Vardi, A., Manisterski, Y., Ventilation index and outcome in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome (1998) Pediatr Pulmonol, 26, pp. 125-12

Photoacoustic Spectroscopy For Depth-profile Analysis And Herbicide Monitoring In Leaves

Depth profiles of double-layer biological samples obtained by photoacoustic spectroscopy were studied using the two-signal phase-resolved method. The application of the method was demonstrated by singling out the spectra of the cuticle and the pigment layers of a leaf, and the pericarps and the endosperm layers of a corn kernel. The use of the method for monitoring temporal changes occurring in a leaf under the action of a herbicide was also investigated.112111487149

The importance of the serial primary revaluation in the management of polytrauma – case report and literature review

O estudo traz o relato de uma experiência de um paciente vítima de trauma carro versus bicicleta, que sofreu amputação traumática bilateral de membros inferiores. Para isso foram coletadas informações no banco de dados PubMed em 8 artigos, juntamente com informações da nova edição do livro ATLS®, além de informações do paciente, do atendimento pré hospitalar e hopitalar, conduta e evolução. No caso exposto foi realizada correta avaliação primária e sua reavalição seriada, permitindo precoce identificação das lesões e conduta terapêutica, com boa evolução do paciente pós operatório. Afirma-se que a implementação do protocolo ATLS® é grande responsável pela diminuição da mortalidade do paciente politraumatizado. A reavaliação seriada se mostrou imprescindível para detecção do sangramento do paciente, estabilização e tratamento definitivo.The paper presentes the report of an accident patient of car x bicycle trauma who suffered traumatic amputation of the lower limbs. Therefore informations from eight articles of Pubmed database and new edition of ATLS book were collected, besides the preexisting informations from prehospital care, hospital care, conduct and evolution of the patient. The case described was carried out correct primary assessment and its serial reassessment, allowing early identification of lesions and therapeutic approach, with favorable postoperative patient. It is stated that the implementation of ATLS® protocol is largely responsible for the decrease in mortality of polytrauma patients. Serial reassessment proved to be indispensable for detection of patient bleeding, stabilization and final treatment

"Síndrome de Marcapasso" em Paciente sem Marcapasso

O bloqueio atrioventricular de primeiro grau pode nao ser tao benigno. Há pacientes que necessitam de implante de marcapasso dupla-câmara para ressincronizar as contraçoes atrial e ventricular e dessa maneira aliviar sintomas decorrentes da simultaneidade entre ambas contraçoes, que pode ocorrer durante o esforço físico. Nesses casos a indicaçao do marcapasso objetiva melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente, tal como exemplifica o caso descrito

"Síndrome de Marcapasso" em Paciente sem Marcapasso

O bloqueio atrioventricular de primeiro grau pode nao ser tao benigno. Há pacientes que necessitam de implante de marcapasso dupla-câmara para ressincronizar as contraçoes atrial e ventricular e dessa maneira aliviar sintomas decorrentes da simultaneidade entre ambas contraçoes, que pode ocorrer durante o esforço físico. Nesses casos a indicaçao do marcapasso objetiva melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente, tal como exemplifica o caso descrito

Perspectives on the Trypanosoma cruzi-host cell receptor interaction

Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The critical initial event is the interaction of the trypomastigote form of the parasite with host receptors. This review highlights recent observations concerning these interactions. Some of the key receptors considered are those for thromboxane, bradykinin, and for the nerve growth factor TrKA. Other important receptors such as galectin-3, thrombospondin, and laminin are also discussed. Investigation into the molecular biology and cell biology of host receptors for T. cruzi may provide novel therapeutic targets